Sashe na 1: Mabuɗin mahimmanci don na'urar gwajin maɓalli na Solenoid
1.1 Abubuwan buƙatun filin Magnetic
Domin fitar da maɓallan madannai yadda ya kamata, na'urar gwajin maɓalli Solenoids na buƙatar samar da isasshen ƙarfin filin maganadisu. Takaitaccen buƙatun ƙarfin filin maganadisu ya dogara da nau'i da ƙira na maɓallan madannai. Gabaɗaya magana, ƙarfin filin maganadisu ya kamata ya iya samar da isasshiyar jan hankali ta yadda bugun latsa maɓalli ya dace da buƙatun ƙirar ƙirar madannai. Wannan ƙarfin yawanci yana cikin kewayon dubun zuwa ɗaruruwan Gauss (G).
1.2 Bukatun saurin amsawa
Na'urar gwajin madannai tana buƙatar gwada kowane maɓalli cikin sauri, don haka saurin amsawar solenoidis yana da mahimmanci. Bayan karɓar siginar gwajin, solenoid ya kamata ya iya samar da isasshen filin maganadisu cikin kankanin lokaci don fitar da aikin maɓalli. Yawancin lokaci ana buƙatar lokacin amsawa ya kasance a matakin millise seconds (ms). Ana iya daidaita saurin latsawa da sakin maɓallan daidai, ta yadda za a iya gano aikin maɓallan maɓalli yadda ya kamata, gami da sigoginsa ba tare da wani bata lokaci ba.
1.3 Daidaiton buƙatun
Daidaiton aikin solenoidis yana da mahimmanci don daidai.Na'urar gwajin maɓalli. Yana buƙatar sarrafa zurfin da ƙarfin latsa maɓallin daidai daidai. Misali, lokacin gwada wasu maɓallan madannai tare da ayyukan faɗakarwa da yawa, kamar wasu madannai na wasan caca, maɓallan na iya samun yanayin faɗakarwa guda biyu: latsa haske da latsa mai nauyi. Solenoid dole ne ya iya kwaikwayi daidai da waɗannan rundunonin mabambanta biyu. Daidaiton ya haɗa da daidaiton matsayi (marar da daidaiton ƙaura na latsa maɓalli) da daidaiton ƙarfi. Ana iya buƙatar daidaiton ƙaura ya kasance tsakanin 0.1mm, kuma ƙarfin ƙarfin yana iya kasancewa a kusa da ± 0.1N bisa ga ƙa'idodin gwaji daban-daban don tabbatar da daidaito da amincin sakamakon gwajin.
1.4 Bukatun kwanciyar hankali
Tsayayyen aiki na dogon lokaci muhimmin buƙatu ne ga solenoidof na'urar gwajin maɓalli. Yayin ci gaba da gwajin, aikin solenoid ba zai iya canzawa sosai ba. Wannan ya haɗa da kwanciyar hankali na ƙarfin filin maganadisu, kwanciyar hankali na saurin amsawa, da kwanciyar hankali na daidaiton aikin. Misali, a cikin babban gwajin samar da maballin madannai, solenoid na iya buƙatar yin aiki ci gaba na sa'o'i da yawa ko ma kwanaki. A cikin wannan lokacin, idan aikin na'urar lantarki ya canza, kamar raunin ƙarfin filin maganadisu ko jinkirin amsawa, sakamakon gwajin zai zama mara kyau, yana shafar kimanta ingancin samfur.
1.5 Dorewa bukatun
Saboda buƙatar akai-akai tuƙi maɓallin aikin, solenoid dole ne ya sami karɓuwa. Solenoid coils na ciki da plunger dole ne su iya jure yawan jujjuyawar lantarki da damuwa na inji. Gabaɗaya magana, solenoid na'urar gwajin maɓalli yana buƙatar samun damar jure wa miliyoyin zagayowar aiki, kuma a cikin wannan tsari, ba za a sami matsalolin da ke shafar aikin ba, kamar ƙonewar na'urar solenoid da core lalacewa. Misali, yin amfani da waya mai inganci mai inganci don yin coils na iya inganta juriya da juriya da zafin jiki, da zabar ainihin abin da ya dace (kamar kayan maganadisu mai laushi) na iya rage asarar hysteresis da gajiyawar inji na ainihin.
Kashi na 2:. Tsarin maɓalli mai gwada solenoid
2.1 Solenoid Coil
- Kayan Waya: Wayar da aka yi amfani da ita yawanci ana amfani da ita don yin coil na solenoid. Akwai fenti mai rufe fuska a wajen wayar enameled don hana gajerun kewayawa tsakanin coils na solenoid. Kayayyakin wayoyi na yau da kullun sun haɗa da jan ƙarfe, saboda jan ƙarfe yana da kyawawa mai kyau kuma yana iya rage juriya yadda ya kamata, ta yadda zai rage asarar kuzari yayin wucewa ta halin yanzu da haɓaka ingancin wutar lantarki.
- Juya ƙira: Adadin juyi shine maɓalli da ke shafar ƙarfin filin maganadisu na tubular solenoid don na'urar gwajin maɓalli na Solenoid. Yawancin jujjuyawar, mafi girman ƙarfin filin maganadisu da aka samar a ƙarƙashin wannan halin yanzu. Koyaya, juyi da yawa kuma zai ƙara juriya na nada, yana haifar da matsalolin dumama. Sabili da haka, yana da matukar mahimmanci don tsara adadin juzu'i bisa ga ƙarfin filin maganadisu da ake buƙata da yanayin samar da wutar lantarki. Misali, don na'urar gwajin maɓalli na Solenoid wanda ke buƙatar ƙarfin filin maganadisu mafi girma, adadin juyawa yana iya kasancewa tsakanin ɗaruruwa da dubbai.
- Siffar Coil ɗin Solenoid: Gabaɗaya ana raunata kwandon solenoid akan firam ɗin da ya dace, kuma siffar yawanci silindari ce. Wannan siffa tana dacewa da tattarawa da rarraba daidaitaccen filin maganadisu, ta yadda lokacin tuƙi maɓallan madannai, filin maganadisu zai iya yin aiki sosai akan abubuwan tuƙi na maɓallan.
2.2 Solenoid Plunger
- Plungermaterial: Plungeris wani muhimmin sashi ne na solenoid, kuma babban aikinsa shine haɓaka filin maganadisu. Gabaɗaya, kayan maganadisu masu laushi irin su lantarki zalla tsaftataccen ƙarfe na ƙarfe da zanen ƙarfe na silicon an zaɓi. Babban ikon maganadisu na kayan maganadisu masu laushi na iya sauƙaƙe filin maganadisu don wucewa ta cikin ainihin, ta haka yana haɓaka ƙarfin filin maganadisu na lantarki. Ɗaukar filayen ƙarfe na siliki a matsayin misali, takardar siliki ce mai ɗauke da siliki. Saboda ƙari na silicon, asarar hysteresis da asarar halin yanzu na ainihin sun ragu, kuma an inganta ingantaccen na'urar lantarki.
- Plungershape: Siffar cibiya yawanci tana dacewa da coil solenoid, kuma galibi tubular ne. A wasu zane-zane, akwai wani ɓangaren da ke fitowa daga ƙarshen plunger, wanda ake amfani da shi don tuntuɓar kai tsaye ko tuntuɓar abubuwan tuki na maɓallan maɓalli, ta yadda za a fi isar da ƙarfin maganadisu zuwa maɓallan da kuma fitar da aikin.
2.3 Gidaje
- Zaɓin kayan abu: Gidajen na'urar gwajin madannai Solenoid galibi yana ba da kariya ga coil na ciki da baƙin ƙarfe, kuma yana iya taka takamaiman rawar kariya ta lantarki. Ana amfani da kayan ƙarfe kamar bakin karfe ko carbon steel. Gidajen ƙarfe na carbon yana da ƙarfi mafi girma da juriya na lalata, kuma yana iya dacewa da yanayin gwaji daban-daban.
- Tsarin tsari: Tsarin tsari na harsashi ya kamata ya yi la'akari da dacewa da shigarwa da zubar da zafi. Yawancin lokaci akwai ramuka masu hawa ko ramummuka don sauƙaƙe gyara na'urar lantarki zuwa matsayi daidai da ma'aunin maɓalli. A lokaci guda kuma, ana iya tsara harsashi tare da ƙuƙumman zafin zafi ko ramukan samun iska don sauƙaƙe zafin da ake samu yayin aiki don tarwatsewa da hana lalacewa ga electromagnet saboda yawan zafi.
Sashe na 3: Aikin solenoid na'urar gwajin maɓalli ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idar shigar da wutar lantarki.
3.1.Basic electromagnetic ka'idar
Lokacin da halin yanzu ya wuce ta hanyar solenoid coil na solenoid, bisa ga dokar Ampere (wanda ake kira da hannun dama), za a samar da filin maganadisu a kusa da na'urar lantarki. Idan solenoid coil ya ji rauni a kusa da tsakiyar ƙarfe, tun da baƙin ƙarfe abu ne mai laushi mai laushi tare da babban ƙarfin maganadisu, layin filin maganadisu zai kasance a cikin ciki da kewayen ƙarfen ƙarfe, wanda zai haifar da ƙarfin ƙarfe. A wannan lokacin, jigon ƙarfe yana kama da ƙaƙƙarfan maganadisu, yana samar da filin maganadisu mai ƙarfi.
3.2. Misali, ɗaukar solenoid mai sauƙi na tubular a matsayin misali, lokacin da halin yanzu ke gudana zuwa ƙarshen ɗaya na solenoid coil, bisa ga ka'idar dunƙule na hannun dama, riƙe coil ɗin tare da yatsu huɗu suna nuni zuwa alkiblar halin yanzu, kuma alkiblar da babban yatsan ya nuna shine sandar arewa na filin maganadisu. Ƙarfin filin maganadisu yana da alaƙa da girman halin yanzu da adadin jujjuyawar coil. Dokar Biot-Savart na iya bayyana dangantakar. Zuwa wani matsayi, mafi girma na halin yanzu kuma mafi yawan jujjuyawa, mafi girman ƙarfin filin maganadisu.
3.3 Tsarin tuƙi na maɓallin maɓalli
3.3.1. A cikin na'urar gwajin maɓalli, lokacin da na'urar gwajin solenoid ta ke da kuzari, ana samar da filin maganadisu, wanda zai ja hankalin sassan ƙarfe na maɓallan madannai (kamar shaft na maɓalli ko shrapnel na ƙarfe, da sauransu). Don maɓallai na inji, maɓalli yakan ƙunshi sassa na ƙarfe, kuma filin maganadisu da electromagnet ke haifarwa zai jawo shaft ɗin don matsawa ƙasa, ta yadda za a kwaikwayi aikin maɓallin da ake dannawa.
3.3.2. Ɗaukar madanni na inji na gama gari na axis blue a matsayin misali, ƙarfin filin maganadisu da electromagnet ke samarwa yana aiki akan ɓangaren ƙarfe na axis ɗin shuɗi, yana shawo kan ƙarfin roƙo da gogayya na axis, yana haifar da axis ɗin zuwa ƙasa, yana haifar da kewayawa cikin madannai, da kuma samar da siginar latsa maɓallin. Lokacin da aka kashe wutar lantarki, filin maganadisu yana ɓacewa, kuma maɓalli na maɓalli ya koma matsayinsa na asali ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin nasa na roba (kamar ƙarfin ƙarfin bazara), yana kwaikwayon aikin sakin maɓallin.
3.3.3 Ikon sigina da tsarin gwaji
- Tsarin sarrafawa a cikin maballin maɓalli yana sarrafa lokacin kunna wuta da lokacin kashe wutar lantarki na electromagnet don daidaita nau'ikan maɓalli daban-daban, kamar gajeriyar latsa, dogon latsawa, da dai sauransu Ta hanyar gano ko maballin zai iya samar da siginar lantarki daidai (ta hanyar kewayawa na maballin da ke dubawa) a ƙarƙashin waɗannan ayyukan maɓalli da aka kwaikwayi, ana iya gwada aikin maɓallin maɓalli.
