Gawo 1 : Mfungulo chofunika pa kiyibodi kuyezetsa chipangizo Solenoid
1.1 Zofunikira zamaginito
Kuti muyendetse bwino makiyi a kiyibodi, chipangizo choyezera kiyibodi cha Solenoids chiyenera kupanga mphamvu yokwanira ya maginito. Zofunikira zenizeni za mphamvu ya maginito zimatengera mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka makiyi a kiyibodi. Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu ya maginito iyenera kupangitsa kukopa kokwanira kuti makiyi osindikizira akwaniritse zofunikira pakupanga kiyibodi. Mphamvu imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakhala mumitundu ya makumi mpaka mazana a Gauss (G).
1.2 Zofunikira pa liwiro la kuyankha
Chipangizo choyezera kiyibodi chimayenera kuyesa kiyi iliyonse mwachangu, kotero kuyankha kwa solenoidis ndikofunikira. Pambuyo polandira chizindikiro choyesera, solenoid iyenera kutulutsa mphamvu ya maginito yokwanira mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri kuyendetsa chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Nthawi yoyankha imafunika kuti ikhale pamlingo wa millisecond (ms). kukanikiza mwachangu ndi kutulutsa makiyi kumatha kufananizidwa molondola, potero kuzindikira bwino momwe makiyi a kiyibodi amagwirira ntchito, kuphatikiza magawo ake popanda kuchedwa.
1.3 Zofunikira zolondola
Kuchita zolondola kwa solenoidis ndikofunikira molondola.Chida choyesera kiyibodi. Iyenera kuwongolera molondola kuya ndi mphamvu ya makina osindikizira. Mwachitsanzo, poyesa makiyibodi ena okhala ndi ma trigger amitundu yambiri, monga makiyibodi ena amasewera, makiyiwo amatha kukhala ndi njira ziwiri zoyambira: kusindikiza kopepuka ndi kukakamiza kwambiri. Solenoid iyenera kutsanzira molondola mphamvu ziwiri zoyambitsa izi. Kulondola kumaphatikizapo kulondola kwa malo (kuwongolera kulondola kwa kusamuka kwa makina osindikizira) ndi kukakamiza kulondola. Kulondola kwa kusamuka kungafunike kukhala mkati mwa 0.1mm, ndipo kulondola kwamphamvu kungakhale kozungulira ± 0.1N molingana ndi miyeso yosiyana yoyezetsa kuwonetsetsa kulondola ndi kudalirika kwa zotsatira za mayeso.
1.4 Zofunikira zokhazikika
Kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali ndikofunikira pa solenoidof The kiyibodi yoyesera chipangizo. Pakuyesa kosalekeza, magwiridwe antchito a solenoid sangasinthe kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukhazikika kwa mphamvu ya maginito, kukhazikika kwa liwiro la kuyankha, ndi kukhazikika kwa ntchito yolondola. Mwachitsanzo, pakuyesa kwakukulu kwa kiyibodi, solenoid ingafunike kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa maola angapo kapena masiku. Panthawi imeneyi, ngati ntchito ya electromagnet ikusinthasintha, monga kufooka kwa mphamvu ya maginito kapena kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kuyankha, zotsatira zoyesa zidzakhala zolakwika, zomwe zimakhudza kuwunika kwa khalidwe lazogulitsa.
1.5 Zofunikira zokhazikika
Chifukwa cha kufunikira koyendetsa pafupipafupi makiyi, solenoid iyenera kukhala yolimba kwambiri. Ma coils amkati a solenoid ndi plunger ayenera kupirira kutembenuka kwamagetsi pafupipafupi komanso kupsinjika kwamakina. Nthawi zambiri, chipangizo choyezera kiyibodi cha solenoid chimafunika kupirira mizere yambiri yochitapo kanthu, ndipo pochita izi, sipadzakhala zovuta zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito, monga kupsa mtima kwa koyilo ya solenoid ndi kuvala koyambira. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito waya wapamwamba kwambiri wa enameled kuti apange ma coils atha kusintha kukana kwawo kuvala komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri, ndikusankha chinthu chofunikira pachimake (monga zinthu zofewa zamaginito) kungachepetse kutayika kwa hysteresis ndi kutopa kwamakina pachimake.
Gawo 2:. Kapangidwe ka keyboard tester solenoid
2.1 Solenoid Coil
- Zipangizo zamawaya: Waya wa enameled nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga koyilo ya solenoid. Pali wosanjikiza wa utoto wotsekereza kunja kwa waya wa enameled kuteteza mabwalo amfupi pakati pa ma koyilo a solenoid. Common enameled waya zipangizo monga mkuwa, chifukwa mkuwa ali madutsidwe wabwino ndipo angathe kuchepetsa kukana, potero kuchepetsa kutayika mphamvu podutsa panopa ndi kuwongolera dzuwa maginito electromagnetic.
- Kutembenuza kamangidwe: Kuchuluka kwa makhoti ndi kiyi yomwe ikukhudza mphamvu ya maginito ya solenoid ya tubular pa chipangizo choyesera cha Keyboard Solenoid. Kutembenuka kochulukira, kumapangitsanso mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imapangidwa pansi pamagetsi omwewo. Komabe, kutembenuka kochuluka kumawonjezera kukana kwa koyilo, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zotentha. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupanga moyenerera kuchuluka kwa matembenuzidwe molingana ndi mphamvu ya maginito ndi momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, pa chipangizo choyesera cha Keyboard Solenoidchomwe chimafuna mphamvu ya maginito yapamwamba, kuchuluka kwa makhoti kungakhale pakati pa mazana ndi zikwi.
- Mawonekedwe a Solenoid Coil: Koyilo ya solenoid nthawi zambiri imakulungidwa pa chimango choyenera, ndipo mawonekedwe ake nthawi zambiri amakhala a cylindrical. Mawonekedwewa amathandizira kukhazikika komanso kugawa kofanana kwa maginito, kotero kuti poyendetsa makiyi a kiyibodi, mphamvu ya maginito imatha kuchita bwino pamakina oyendetsa makiyi.
2.2 Solenoid Plunger
- Plungermaterial: Plungeris ndi gawo lofunikira la solenoid, ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu ndikukulitsa mphamvu ya maginito. Nthawi zambiri, zida zofewa za maginito monga chitsulo choyera cha kaboni ndi zitsulo za silicon zimasankhidwa. Kuthekera kwamphamvu kwa maginito kwa zinthu zofewa kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya maginito idutse pakati, potero kumapangitsa mphamvu ya maginito yamagetsi. Kutengera mapepala achitsulo a silicon mwachitsanzo, ndi pepala lachitsulo chokhala ndi silicon. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezera kwa silicon, kutayika kwa hysteresis ndi kutayika kwa eddy pakali pano kumachepetsedwa, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito amagetsi imakula bwino.
- Plungershape: Maonekedwe a pachimake nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi koyilo ya solenoid, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ya tubular. M'mapangidwe ena, pali gawo lotulukira kumapeto kwa plunger, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhudzana mwachindunji kapena kuyandikira zigawo zoyendetsa makiyi a kiyibodi, kuti apereke bwino mphamvu ya maginito ku makiyi ndikuyendetsa chinthu chofunika kwambiri.
2.3 Nyumba
- Kusankha kwazinthu: Nyumba yoyeserera kiyibodi Solenoid imateteza kwambiri koyilo yamkati ndi chitsulo chapakati, ndipo imathanso kutenga gawo lina lachitetezo chamagetsi. Zida zachitsulo monga zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena carbon steela nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nyumba zachitsulo za kaboni zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri, ndipo zimatha kuzolowera malo osiyanasiyana oyesera.
- Mapangidwe apangidwe: Mapangidwe a chipolopolo ayenera kuganizira za kuphweka kwa kukhazikitsa ndi kutaya kutentha. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mabowo omangika kapena mipata kuti athandizire kukonza maginito amagetsi pamalo ofananira ndi choyesa kiyibodi. Nthawi yomweyo, chipolopolocho chikhoza kupangidwa ndi zipsepse zowononga kutentha kapena mabowo olowera mpweya kuti ziwongolere kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi koyilo panthawi yantchito kuti iwononge ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa ma elekitiroma chifukwa cha kutenthedwa.
Gawo 3: Kugwira ntchito kwa chipangizo choyezera kiyibodi cha solenoid makamaka kutengera mfundo ya electromagnetic induction.
3.1.Basic electromagnetic mfundo
Panopa ikadutsa pa koyilo ya solenoid ya solenoid, malinga ndi lamulo la Ampere (lomwe limatchedwanso lamulo la screw lamanja), mphamvu yamaginito imapangidwa mozungulira maginito amagetsi. Ngati koyilo ya solenoid ikulungidwa mozungulira pachimake chitsulo, popeza pachimake chitsulo ndi chinthu chofewa cha maginito chokhala ndi maginito apamwamba, mizere ya maginito imakhazikika mkati ndi kuzungulira pakati pachitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo chikhale ndi maginito. Panthawi imeneyi, chitsulo chachitsulo chimakhala ngati maginito amphamvu, chomwe chimapanga mphamvu ya maginito.
3.2. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga solenoid yosavuta ya tubular monga chitsanzo, pamene magetsi akuyenda kumapeto kwa koyilo ya solenoid, molingana ndi lamulo la dzanja lamanja la wononga, gwirani coil ndi zala zinayi zomwe zikulozera komwe kuli panopa, ndipo njira yomwe yasonyezedwa ndi chala chachikulu ndi kumpoto kwa maginito. Mphamvu ya maginito imagwirizana ndi kukula komwe kulipo komanso kuchuluka kwa ma koyilo otembenuka. Ubalewu ukhoza kufotokozedwa ndi lamulo la Biot-Savart. Pamlingo wina, kukula kwamakono ndi kutembenuka kwakukulu, mphamvu ya maginito imakulirakulira.
3.3 Kuyendetsa makiyi a kiyibodi
3.3.1. Mu chipangizo choyezera kiyibodi, pamene chipangizo choyezera kiyibodi cha solenoid chimakhala ndi mphamvu, mphamvu ya maginito imapangidwa, yomwe imakopa mbali zachitsulo za makiyi a kiyibodi (monga shaft ya kiyi kapena shrapnel yachitsulo, ndi zina zotero). Kwa makiyibodi amakina, tsinde la kiyi nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi zitsulo, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito yopangidwa ndi electromagnet imakopa shaft kuti isunthire pansi, potero kufanizira zomwe kiyiyo ikukanikizidwa.
3.3.2. Kutengera kiyibodi wamba wamtambo wabuluu monga chitsanzo, mphamvu yamaginito yopangidwa ndi maginito amagetsi imagwira gawo lachitsulo la olamulira abuluu, kugonjetsa mphamvu zotanuka ndi kukangana kwa olamulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti olamulira asunthike pansi, kuyambitsa kuzungulira mkati mwa kiyibodi, ndikupanga chizindikiro cha kukanikiza kiyi. Pamene electromagnet yazimitsidwa, mphamvu ya maginito imazimiririka, ndipo nsonga yachinsinsi imabwerera kumalo ake oyambirira pansi pa mphamvu yake yotanuka (monga mphamvu yothamanga ya masika), kufanizira zochita za kumasula fungulo.
3.3.3 Kuwongolera chizindikiro ndi kuyesa njira
- Dongosolo lowongolera mu choyesa cha kiyibodi limayang'anira nthawi yamagetsi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ifanane ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, monga kusindikiza kwachidule, kukanikiza kwautali, ndi zina zambiri
