Icandelo 1 : Inqaku eliphambili elifunekayo kwisixhobo sovavanyo lwebhodibhodi yeSolenoid
1.1 Iimfuno zendima yemagnethi
Ukuze uqhube ngokufanelekileyo izitshixo zebhodi yezitshixo, isixhobo sovavanyo lwebhodi yezitshixo i-Solenoids kufuneka ivelise amandla aneleyo emagnethi. Iimfuno ezithile zamandla omhlaba wemagnethi zixhomekeke kudidi kunye noyilo lwamaqhosha ebhodi yezitshixo. Ngokubanzi, amandla omhlaba wemagnethi afanele ukukwazi ukuvelisa umtsalane owaneleyo ukuze isitshixo sokucofa sifezekise iimfuno zokuqalisa kuyilo lwebhodi yezitshixo. La mandla aqhele ukuba kuluhlu lwamashumi ukuya kumakhulu eGauss (G).
1.2 Iimfuno zesantya sokuphendula
Isixhobo sokuvavanya ikhibhodi kufuneka sivavanye isitshixo ngasinye ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke isantya sokuphendula se-solenoidis sibalulekile. Emva kokufumana umqondiso wokuvavanya, i-solenoid kufuneka ikwazi ukuvelisa intsimi yamagnetic eyaneleyo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu ukuqhuba isenzo esibalulekileyo. Ixesha lokuphendula lidla ngokufuneka ukuba libe kwinqanaba le-millisecond (ms). ukucofa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhutshwa kwezitshixo kunokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo, ngaloo ndlela kuchongwa ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwezitshixo zebhodibhodi, kuquka iiparameters zayo ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
1.3 Iimfuno zokuchaneka
Ukuchaneka kwesenzo se-solenoidis kubalulekile ngokuchanekileyo.Isixhobo sokuvavanya ikhibhodi. Ifuna ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubunzulu kunye namandla okucinezela amaqhosha. Umzekelo, xa uvavanya ezinye iibhodi zezitshixo ezinemigangatho emininzi yokuqalisa imisebenzi, efana nezinye iibhodi zokudlala, izitshixo zinokuba neendlela ezimbini zokuqalisa: ukucinezela ukukhanya kunye noxinzelelo olunzima. I-solenoid kufuneka ikwazi ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo la mandla amabini ahlukeneyo okubangela. Ukuchaneka kubandakanya ukuchaneka kwesikhundla (ukulawula ukuchaneka kwe-displacement ye-key press) kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokuchaneka. Ukuchaneka kwe-displacement kungafuneka ukuba kube ngaphakathi kwe-0.1mm, kwaye ukuchaneka kwamandla kunokuba malunga ne-± 0.1N ngokwemigangatho yovavanyo eyahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
1.4 Iimfuno zozinzo
Umsebenzi ozinzileyo wexesha elide uyimfuneko ebalulekileyo kwi-solenoidof isixhobo sovavanyo lwekhibhodi. Ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhubekayo, ukusebenza kwe-solenoid ayinakuguquguquka kakhulu. Oku kubandakanya ukuzinza kwamandla ombane, ukuzinza kwesantya sokuphendula, kunye nokuzinza kokuchaneka kwesenzo. Umzekelo, kuvavanyo olukhulu lwemveliso yebhodi yezitshixo, i-solenoid inokufuna ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo iiyure ezininzi okanye iintsuku. Ngeli xesha, ukuba ukusebenza kwe-electromagnetic kuguquguquka, njengokuncipha kwamandla ombane okanye isantya sokuphendula esicothayo, iziphumo zovavanyo ziya kuba zingachanekanga, ezichaphazela ukuvavanywa komgangatho wemveliso.
1.5 Iimfuno zokuqina
Ngenxa yesidingo sokuqhuba rhoqo isenzo esiphambili, i-solenoid kufuneka ibe nokuqina okuphezulu. Iikhoyili ze-solenoid zangaphakathi kunye ne-plunger kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana noguquko rhoqo lwe-electromagnetic kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini. Ngokubanzi, isixhobo sokuvavanya i-Keyboard solenoid kufuneka sikwazi ukumelana nezigidi zemijikelezo yesenzo, kwaye kule nkqubo, akuyi kubakho iingxaki ezichaphazela ukusebenza, njengokutshiswa kwekhoyili ye-solenoid kunye nokunxiba okungundoqo. Ngokomzekelo, ukusebenzisa ucingo oluphezulu lwe-enameled ukwenza iikhoyili kunokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kunye nokukhetha into efanelekileyo engundoqo (njengezinto eziphathekayo eziphathekayo) kunokunciphisa ilahleko ye-hysteresis kunye nokudinwa komatshini we-core.
Icandelo 2 :. Ubume be-keyboard tester solenoid
2.1 Ikhoyili yeSolenoid
- Isixhobo socingo: Iingcingo ezenziwe nge-enameled zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ikhoyili ye-solenoid. Kukho umaleko wepeyinti yokukhusela ngaphandle kwentambo ye-enameled ukukhusela iisekethe ezimfutshane phakathi kweekhoyili ze-solenoid. Izinto eziqhelekileyo zocingo lwe-enameled ziquka ubhedu, kuba ubhedu lune-conductivity elungileyo kwaye lunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuchasana, ngaloo ndlela lunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla xa udlula ngoku kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-electromagnetic.
- Ujiko loyilo: Inani lokujika lingundoqo elichaphazela amandla omhlaba wemagnethi we-solenoid ye-tubula yesixhobo sokuvavanya i-Keyboard i-Solenoid. Okukhona ukuguquka, kokukhona amandla amakhulu emagnethi aveliswa phantsi kwalo mjelo ofanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukujika okuninzi kuya kwandisa ukuchasana kwekhoyili, okukhokelela kwiingxaki zokufudumeza. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyila ngokufanelekileyo inani lokujika ngokuhambelana namandla ombane afunekayo kunye neemeko zokubonelela ngombane. Umzekelo, kwi-Keyboard isixhobo sokuvavanya i-Solenoid efuna amandla aphezulu emagnethi, inani lokujika linokuba phakathi kwamakhulu kunye namawaka.
- Imilo ye-Solenoid Coil: Ikhoyili ye-solenoid ngokubanzi inxeba kwisakhelo esifanelekileyo, kwaye imilo idla ngokuba yi-cylindrical. Lo mzobo ulungele ukugxininiswa kunye nokusabalalisa okufanayo kwendawo yamagnetic, ukwenzela ukuba xa uqhuba izitshixo zebhodibhodi, indawo yamagnetic inokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kumacandelo okuqhuba izitshixo.
2.2 Solenoid Plunger
- I-Plungermaterial: I-plungeris iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-solenoid, kwaye umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuphucula intsimi yemagnethi. Ngokubanzi, iimathiriyeli ezithambileyo zemagneti ezinje ngentsimbi ecocekileyo yekhabhoni kunye neeshiti zensimbi zesilicon zikhethiwe. Ukufikeleleka okuphezulu kwemagnethi yemathiriyeli yemagnethi ethambileyo inokwenza kube lula ukuba umhlaba wemagnethi udlule kumbindi, ngaloo ndlela uphucula amandla omhlaba wemagnethi wemagnethi yombane. Ukuthatha i-silicon sheet sheets njengomzekelo, yi-silicon-containing alloy steel sheet. Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-silicon, ilahleko ye-hysteresis kunye nelahleko yangoku ye-eddy ye-core iyancitshiswa, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-electromagnetic kuphuculwe.
- I-Plungershape: Ukumila kombindi ngokuqhelekileyo kuhambelana nekhoyili ye-solenoid, kwaye ubukhulu becala i-tubular. Kolunye uyilo, kukho indawo ephumayo kwelinye icala leplunger, esetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo okanye ukusondela kumacandelo okuqhuba amaqhosha ebhodi yezitshixo, ukuze udlulise ngcono amandla omhlaba wemagnethi kwizitshixo kwaye uqhube isenzo esiphambili.
2.3 Izindlu
- Ukukhetha izinto eziphathekayo: Izindlu zesixhobo sokuvavanya ikhibhodi I-Solenoid ikhusela ngokukodwa i-coil yangaphakathi kunye ne-iron core, kwaye inokudlala indima ethile yokukhusela i-electromagnetic. Izinto zetsimbi ezifana nentsimbi engatyiwa okanye i-carbon steela zihlala zisetyenziswa. Izindlu zentsimbi yekhabhoni zinamandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, kwaye ziyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo.
- Uyilo lwesakhiwo: Uyilo lwesakhiwo seqokobhe kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ukulungelelaniswa kofakelo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukho imingxuma yokunyuka okanye iindawo zokubeka ukuququzelela ukulungiswa kwe-electromagnetic kwindawo ehambelanayo yomhloli wekhibhodi. Kwangaxeshanye, iqokobhe linokuthi liyilwe ngamaphiko okuchitha ubushushu okanye imingxunya yokungenisa umoya ukuququzelela ubushushu obuveliswa yikhoyili ngexesha lokusebenza ukutshabalalisa kunye nokuthintela umonakalo kwi-electromagnetic ngenxa yobushushu obugqithisiweyo.
Icandelo lesi-3 : Ukusebenza kwesixhobo sovavanyo lwebhodi yezitshixo solenoid kusekwe ikakhulu kumgaqo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic.
3.1.Umgaqo osisiseko we-electromagnetic
Xa i-current idlula kwikhoyili ye-solenoid ye-solenoid, ngokomthetho we-Ampere (ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumthetho we-screw wesandla sasekunene), indawo yombane iya kuveliswa malunga ne-electromagnetic. Ukuba ikhoyili ye-solenoid ijikelezwe kumbindi wentsimbi, kuba umbindi wentsimbi yinto ethambileyo yemagnethi enokungena kumagnethi, imigca yemagnethi iya kugxilwa ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kumbindi wentsimbi, ibangele ukuba umbindi wentsimbi ube nguzibuthe. Ngeli xesha, umbindi wentsimbi ufana nemagnethi eyomeleleyo, evelisa imagnethi eyomeleleyo.
3.2. Ngokomzekelo, ukuthatha i-solenoid ye-tubula elula njengomzekelo, xa i-current igeleza kwelinye icala lekhoyili ye-solenoid, ngokomthetho we-screw wesandla sokunene, ubambe ikhoyili ngeminwe emine ekhomba kwicala langoku, kwaye isalathiso esikhonjwe ngubhontsi sisibonda esingasentla sommandla wamagnetic. Amandla ombane wamagnetic ahambelana nobukhulu bangoku kunye nenani lekhoyili ejikayo. Ubudlelwane bunokuchazwa ngumthetho weBiot-Savart. Ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, ubuninzi bangoku kunye nokujika okungaphezulu, amandla amakhulu ombane.
3.3 Inkqubo yokuqhuba yezitshixo zebhodi yezitshixo
3.3.1. Kwisixhobo sokuvavanya ibhodi yezitshixo, xa isixhobo sokuvavanya i-solenoid senziwe amandla, i-magnetic field iyaveliswa, eya kutsala iindawo zentsimbi zezitshixo zebhodibhodi (ezifana neshaft yesitshixo okanye i-shrapnel yentsimbi, njl. njl.). Kwiikhibhodi zoomatshini, i-shaft yesitshixo ihlala iqulathe iinxalenye zetsimbi, kwaye i-magnetic field eveliswa yi-electromagnetic iya kutsala i-shaft ukuba iye ezantsi, ngaloo ndlela ilinganisa isenzo sesitshixo esicinezelwayo.
3.3.2. Ukuthatha ikhibhodi eqhelekileyo ye-axis eluhlaza njengomzekelo, amandla ombane owenziwe ngumagnethi asebenza kwindawo yentsimbi ye-axis eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukoyisa amandla e-elastiki kunye nokukhuhlana kwe-axis, ebangela ukuba i-axis ihle ijonge ezantsi, ibangela isekethe ngaphakathi kwikhibhodi, kwaye ivelise uphawu lokucofa isitshixo. Xa i-electromagnetic ivaliwe, i-magnetic field iyanyamalala, kwaye i-axis engundoqo ibuyela kwindawo yayo yokuqala phantsi kwesenzo se-elastic force yayo (efana ne-elastic force yasentwasahlobo), ilinganisa isenzo sokukhulula isitshixo.
3.3.3 Ulawulo lwemiqondiso kunye nenkqubo yovavanyo
- Inkqubo yokulawula kwi-keyboard tester ilawula umbane kunye nexesha lokuvala amandla e-electromagnetic ukulinganisa iindlela zokusebenza ezingundoqo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nokucofa okufutshane, ukucinezela ixesha elide, njl. Ngokufumanisa ukuba ikhibhodi inokuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo iimpawu zombane (ngokusebenzisa isekethe yebhodibhodi kunye nojongano) phantsi kwale misebenzi engundoqo efaniswayo, umsebenzi wezitshixo zebhodibhodi unokuvavanywa.