Ingxenye 1 : Imfuneko yephoyinti elingukhiye kudivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi i-Solenoid
1.1 Izidingo zenkambu kazibuthe
Ukuze ushayele ngempumelelo okhiye bekhibhodi, idivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi i-Solenoids idinga ukukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe anele. Izidingo ezithile zamandla kazibuthe zincike ohlotsheni nomklamo wokhiye bekhibhodi. Ngokuvamile, amandla kazibuthe kufanele akwazi ukukhiqiza ukukhanga okwanele ukuze ukucindezela kokhiye kuhlangabezane nezimfuneko zokucupha zomklamo wekhibhodi. Lawa mandla avamise ukuba sebangeni lamashumi kuya kumakhulu e-Gauss (G).
1.2 Izidingo zesivinini sokuphendula
Idivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi idinga ukuhlola ukhiye ngamunye ngokushesha, ukuze isivinini sokuphendula se-solenoidis sibalulekile. Ngemva kokuthola isignali yokuhlola, i-solenoid kufanele ikwazi ukukhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe eyanele ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu ukushayela isenzo esibalulekile. Isikhathi sokuphendula ngokuvamile siyadingeka ukuze sibe kuleveli ye-millisecond (ms). ukucindezela okusheshayo nokukhishwa kwezikhiye kungenziwa ngokunembile, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlonzwe ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwezinkinobho zekhibhodi, okuhlanganisa nemingcele yayo ngaphandle kokulibala.
1.3 Izidingo zokunemba
Ukunemba kwesenzo se-solenoidis kubalulekile ngokunembile.Idivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi. Idinga ukulawula ngokunembile ukujula namandla okucindezela kokhiye. Isibonelo, lapho uhlola amakhibhodi athile ngemisebenzi yokuqalisa amazinga amaningi, njengamanye amakhibhodi amageyimu, okhiye bangase babe namamodi amabili okuqalisa: ukucindezela okulula nokucindezela okukhulu. I-solenoid kufanele ikwazi ukulingisa ngokunembile lawa mandla amabili ahlukene wokucupha. Ukunemba kuhlanganisa ukunemba kwendawo (ukulawula ukunemba kokususwa kokucindezela kokhiye) kanye nokuphoqa ukunemba. Ukunemba kokususwa kungase kudingeke ukuthi kube phakathi kuka-0.1mm, futhi ukunemba kwamandla kungase kube cishe ku-±0.1N ngokwezindinganiso ezihlukene zokuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.
1.4 Izidingo zokuzinza
Ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kuyisidingo esibalulekile se-solenoidof Idivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, ukusebenza kwe-solenoid akukwazi ukuguquguquka kakhulu. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuzinza kwamandla kazibuthe, ukuzinza kwesivinini sokuphendula, nokuzinza kokunemba kwesenzo. Isibonelo, ekuhlolweni kokukhiqiza kwekhibhodi ngezinga elikhulu, i-solenoid ingase idinge ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo amahora ambalwa noma izinsuku. Ngalesi sikhathi, uma ukusebenza kukazibuthe we-electromagnet kushintshashintsha, njengokungabi namandla kwamandla kazibuthe noma isivinini sokuphendula esinensayo, imiphumela yokuhlolwa izobe inganembile, ithinte ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
1.5 Izidingo zokuqina
Ngenxa yesidingo sokushayela njalo isenzo esibalulekile, i-solenoid kumele ibe nokuqina okuphezulu. Amakhoyili e-solenoid angaphakathi kanye ne-plunger kumele akwazi ukumelana nokuguqulwa kwe-electromagnetic okuvamile kanye nokucindezeleka komshini. Ngokuvamile, i-solenoid yedivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi idinga ukuthi ikwazi ukumelana nezigidi zemijikelezo yesenzo, futhi kule nqubo, ngeke kube nezinkinga ezithinta ukusebenza, njengokutubeka kwekhoyili ye-solenoid nokuguga okuphakathi. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa intambo yoqweqwe oluqinile lwekhwalithi ephezulu ukwenza amakhoyili kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqokwa kwawo kanye nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi ukukhetha into eyinhloko efanelekile (njengentokozo kazibuthe ethambile) kunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis kanye nokukhathala komshini komongo.
Ingxenye 2:. Ukwakheka kwesihloli sekhibhodi solenoid
2.1 Ikhoyili ye-Solenoid
- Izinto zocingo: Intambo ene-enameled ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ikhoyili ye-solenoid. Kukhona ungqimba lukapende oluvikelayo ngaphandle kwentambo enoqweqwe oluqinile ukuze kuvinjelwe amasekhethi amafushane phakathi kwamakhoyili e-solenoid. Izinto ezivamile zocingo ezinoqweqwe oluqinile zihlanganisa ithusi, ngoba ithusi line-conductivity enhle futhi inganciphisa ngempumelelo ukumelana, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukulahlekelwa kwamandla lapho idlula okwamanje futhi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-electromagnetic.
- Idizayini eshintshayo: Inombolo yokujika iwukhiye othinta amandla kazibuthe we-solenoid ye-tubular yedivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi i-Solenoid. Uma kuphenduka okwengeziwe, kulapho amandla kazibuthe enziwa khona ngaphansi kwamandla afanayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuphenduka okuningi kakhulu kuzokwandisa ukumelana kwekhoyili, okuholela ezinkingeni zokushisa. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuklama ngokunengqondo inombolo yokujika ngokuya ngamandla adingekayo kazibuthe kanye nezimo zokuphakelwa kwamandla. Isibonelo, kudivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi i-Solenoidedinga amandla kazibuthe aphezulu, inani lokujika lingaba phakathi kwamakhulu nezinkulungwane.
- Umumo wekhoyili ye-Solenoid: Ikhoyili ye-solenoid ivamise ukulinyazwa ohlakeni olufanele, futhi umumo uvame ukuba yi-cylindrical. Lo mumo uhambisana nokugxilisa ingqondo nokusabalalisa okufanayo kwendawo kazibuthe, ukuze kuthi lapho ushayela okhiye bekhibhodi, indawo kazibuthe ingakwazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo ezingxenyeni zokushayela zokhiye.
2.2 I-Solenoid Plunger
- I-Plungermaterial: I-plungeris iyingxenye ebalulekile ye-solenoid, futhi umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuthuthukisa insimu kazibuthe. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezithambile zikazibuthe ezifana nensimbi ehlanzekile ye-carbon steel kanye namashidi ensimbi ye-silicon akhethiwe. Ukungena kukazibuthe okuphezulu kwezinto ezithambile zikazibuthe kungenza kube lula ukuthi inkambu kazibuthe idlule enkabeni, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise amandla kazibuthe kazibuthe kagesi. Ukuthatha amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon njengesibonelo, iyishidi lensimbi equkethe i-silicon. Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-silicon, ukulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis kanye nokulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy ye-core kuyancishiswa, nokusebenza kahle kwe-electromagnets kuyathuthukiswa.
- I-Plungershape: Ukuma kwe-core ngokuvamile kufana nekhoyili ye-solenoid, futhi ngokuvamile i-tubular. Kweminye imiklamo, kunengxenye ephumela ngaphandle ekugcineni kwe-plunger, esetshenziselwa ukuthintana ngokuqondile noma ukusondela ezingxenyeni zokushayela zokhiye bekhibhodi, ukuze kudluliswe kangcono amandla kazibuthe kokhiye bese kuqhuba isenzo esibalulekile.
2.3 Izindlu
- Ukukhetha okubalulekile: Izindlu zedivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi I-Solenoid ivikela ngokuyinhloko ikhoyili yangaphakathi nensimbi, futhi ingadlala indima ethile yokuvikela kazibuthe kagesi. Izinto zensimbi ezifana nensimbi engagqwali noma i-carbon steela zivame ukusetshenziswa. Izindlu ze-Carbon steel zinamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlola.
- Idizayini yesakhiwo: Idizayini yesakhiwo segobolondo kufanele icabangele ukunethezeka kokufakwa nokukhipha ukushisa. Ngokuvamile kuba nezimbobo ezifakwayo noma izikhala zokusiza ukulungisa uzibuthe kagesi endaweni ehambisanayo yesihloli sekhibhodi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igobolondo lingase liklanywe ngama-fins okukhipha ukushisa noma izimbobo zokungenisa umoya ukuze kube lula ukushisa okukhiqizwa ikhoyili ngesikhathi sokusebenza ukuze kuhlakazeke futhi kuvimbele ukulimala kukazibuthe kagesi ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile.
Ingxenye 3 : Ukusebenza kwedivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi i-solenoid ngokuyinhloko kusekelwe kumgomo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic.
3.1.Isimiso esiyisisekelo sikazibuthe
Lapho i-current idlula kukhoyili ye-solenoid ye-solenoid, ngokomthetho we-Ampere (ophinde ubizwe ngokuthi umthetho wesikulufu sesandla sokudla), inkambu kazibuthe izokhiqizwa eduze kukazibuthe kagesi. Uma ikhoyili ye-solenoid ilinyazwe enkabeni yensimbi, njengoba umgogodla wensimbi uyinto ethambile kazibuthe ekwazi ukungena kalula kazibuthe, imigqa yakazibuthe izogxiliswa ngaphakathi naseduze komgogodla wensimbi, okubangele ukuthi inkaba yensimbi ibe nguzibuthe. Ngalesi sikhathi, umgogodla wensimbi ufana nozibuthe oqinile, okhiqiza insimu enamandla kazibuthe.
3.2. Isibonelo, ukuthatha i-solenoid ye-tubular elula njengesibonelo, lapho i-current igeleza ekugcineni kwekhoyili ye-solenoid, ngokomthetho we-screw yesandla sokudla, bamba ikhoyili ngeminwe emine ekhomba indlela yamanje, futhi isiqondiso esikhonjwe isithupha yi-pole esenyakatho yensimu kazibuthe. Amandla kazibuthe ahlobene nosayizi wamanje kanye nenani lamakhoyili aphendukayo. Ubudlelwano bungachazwa ngumthetho we-Biot-Savart. Ngokwezinga elithile, lapho i-current ikhudlwana futhi ijika kakhulu, amandla amakhulu kazibuthe.
3.3Inqubo yokushayela yokhiye bekhibhodi
3.3.1. Kudivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi, lapho idivayisi yokuhlola ikhibhodi i-solenoid inikwa amandla, kukhiqizwa inkambu kazibuthe, ezoheha izingxenye zensimbi zokhiye bekhibhodi (njenge-shaft yokhiye noma i-shrapnel yensimbi, njll.). Kumakhibhodi emishini, i-shaft yokhiye ngokuvamile iqukethe izingxenye zensimbi, futhi indawo kazibuthe ekhiqizwa uzibuthe kagesi izoheha i-shaft ukuthi iye phansi, ngaleyo ndlela ilingise isenzo sikakhiye ocindezelwayo.
3.3.2. Sithatha isibonelo sekhibhodi evamile ye-eksisi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka njengesibonelo, amandla kazibuthe akhiqizwa uzibuthe kagesi asebenza engxenyeni yensimbi ye-eksisi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enqoba amandla okunwebeka nokungqubuzana kwe-eksisi, okubangela ukuthi i-eksisi iye phansi, icuphe isiyingi ngaphakathi kwekhibhodi, futhi ikhiqize isignali yokucindezela ukhiye. Lapho uzibuthe kagesi ucishwa, indawo kazibuthe iyanyamalala, futhi i-eksisi yokhiye ibuyela endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla ayo okunwebeka (njengamandla okunwebeka entwasahlobo), ilingisa isenzo sokukhulula ukhiye.
3.3.3 Ukulawula amasignali kanye nenqubo yokuhlola
- Isistimu yokulawula kusihloli sekhibhodi ilawula amandla okuvula kanye nesikhathi sokuvala amandla kazibuthe ukuze ilingise izindlela zokusebenza ezihlukile zokhiye, njengokucindezela isikhashana, ukucindezela isikhathi eside, njll. Ngokuthola ukuthi ikhibhodi ingakwazi yini ukukhiqiza amasignali kagesi ngendlela efanele (ngomjikelezo wekhibhodi nesixhumi esibonakalayo) ngaphansi kwalokhu kusebenza kokhiye okulingiswayo, umsebenzi wezinkinobho zekhibhodi ungahlolwa.