Ukuthuthukisa Izingxenye Zensimbi: Izinzuzo Ze-Zinc, I-Nickel, Ne-Chrome Plating

Uma kuziwa ekuvikeleniizingxenye zensimbinokubanikeza isiphetho esicwebezelayo, amakhasimende avame ukukhetha ezindleleni ezintathu ezivamile: i-zinc plating, i-chrome plating, ne-nickel plating. Ake sibheke ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe obuthathu be-electroplating nezici.

Okuqukethwe
1 Yini i-electroplating?
2 Kuyini i-galvanizing?
3 Yini i-nickel plating
4 Yini i-chrome plating
5.Izinc plating, nickel plating, chrome plating
6.Inzuzo yensimbi yokucwenga
7 Isiphetho
8 Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingxenye 1: Kuyini i-electroplating?

I-Electroplating isebenzisa amandla kagesi ukuze iguqule ama-ion ensimbi abe uqweqwe oluncane lwensimbi olubushelelezi endaweni. Lokhu kungaqinisa ingxenye, kuyivikele ekugqwaleni nasekugugeni, futhi kuthuthukise ukubukeka kwayo. I-Zinc plating, i-nickel plating, kanye ne-chrome plating yizinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-electroplating.

Ingxenye 2 : Yini i-galvanizing

I-galvanizing iyinqubo yokuvikela emboza izindawo zensimbi ngongqimba lwezinc ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala. Ungqimba lwezinc lusebenza njengesithiyo, luvimbele umoya nomswakama ukuthi ungangeni ensimbi futhi ubangele ukugqwala. Ngisho noma ungqimba lwezinc lonakele, luzokhipha i-oxidize kuqala, luvikele insimbi engaphansi ekugqwaleni.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-galvanizing: i-hot-dip galvanizing kanye ne-electroplating.

I-hot-dip galvanizing iyinqubo yokucwilisa insimbi kubhavu we-zinc eshisayo. Lokhu kwakha ungqimba oluqinile lwezinc olusiza ukuvimbela insimbi ukuthi ingagqwali. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezakhiweni zangaphandle ezifana namabhuloho, uthango, nezigxobo zezinsiza.

I-Electroplating inqubo yokufaka ungqimba oluncane lwezinc endaweni yensimbi ngenqubo ye-electrochemical. Lokhu kukhiqiza indawo ebushelelezi, ecwebezelayo elungele imikhiqizo edinga ukubukeka okubukeka kahle, njengezingxenyekazi zehadiwe nezingxenye zikagesi.

I-galvanizing eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esivame ukuyibona kuzikulufu namantongomane akuthuthukisi nje kuphela ukubukeka kwakho ngokuqedwa kwesiliva okukhanyayo, okuluhlaza kancane, kodwa futhi kusiza ukuvimbela ukugqwala, kukwenze kokubili ukuvikela nokubukeka kahle.

Ingxenye 3: Iyini i-Nickel Plating

I-Nickel iyinsimbi ecwebezelayo, enombala osagolide. I-nickel plating yenziwa ngenqubo ye-electrochemical lapho ama-nickel ions efakwa phezu kwengxenye. Ingxenye, esebenza njenge-cathode, ifakwe kwisisombululo esiqukethe usawoti we-nickel (njenge-nickel sulfate ne-nickel chloride) kanye ne-ejenti yokunciphisa. Lapho amandla kagesi edlula kuwo, ama-nickel ions asuka esixazululweni aye phezu kwengxenye, enze ukunamathela okubushelelezi, okulinganayo kwe-nickel.

Ukuhlobisa i-nickel plating ngokuvamile ungqimba oluncane (cishe ama-microns angu-5-15) futhi isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukucwebezela nokubukeka komkhiqizo. Kuvame ukuhlanganiswa ne-chrome plating ukuhlobisa izinto ezifana nempahla yasendlini kanye nezinsiza zefenisha.

I-nickel plating eyisivikelo eqinile isiza ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwengxenye ekugqwaleni, ukuguga kanye ne-oxidation. Ivame ukusetshenziswa emishinini yamakhemikhali, izingxenye ze-instrumentation kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle.

Ikhemikhali ye-nickel plating ayidingi ugesi futhi yakha ungqimba lwe-nickel ngaphezulu ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali. I-coating ifana futhi ifaneleka kakhulu izingxenye ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. I-Chemical nickel plating nayo inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nobulukhuni, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace, izimoto, izinsimbi ezinembayo neminye imikhakha.

I-nickel plating ivikela ukugqwala nokuguga kuyilapho kunikeza umkhiqizo isiphetho esicwebezelayo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-hardware, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, nezingxenye zezimoto. I-electroless nickel plating ifaneleka kahle ezingxenyeni ezinobunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, i-nickel plating iyabiza, ikakhulukazi i-electroless plating, futhi idinga ukulahlwa kwemfucuza okukhethekile, okungaba nomthelela emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuso bengxenye budinga ukuhlanzeka futhi bushelelezi, ngaphandle kwalokho ukugqoka kungase kungahambisani kahle noma ngokulinganayo.

Ingxenye 4 : Yini i-Chrome Plating
I-Chromium iyinsimbi ecwebezelayo, esiliva-emhlophe enokukhanya okuluhlaza kancane. I-Chromium plating yenziwa ngenqubo ye-electrochemical lapho ama-ion e-chromium adluliswa esuka kusixazululo sokucwenga aye phezu kwengxenye. Ingxenye isebenza njenge-cathode kanye nosawoti we-chromium (isb. isixazululo se-chromic acid ne-sulfuric acid) kubola ngaphansi kokusebenza kwamandla kagesi, kubeke ungqimba olubushelelezi, olufana ne-chromium phezulu. Lokhu kunamathela kunokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqokwa, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nobuhle.
I-Chrome plating ingahlukaniswa nge-chrome yokuhlobisa ne-chrome eqinile.

I-chrome yokuhlobisa isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka komkhiqizo ngenkathi ihlinzeka ngezinga elithile lokumelana nokugqwala. I-coating incane (imvamisa i-0.5 kuya ku-1 micron) futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengesendlalelo sangaphandle endaweni efakwe nge-nickel ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa.

Izingubo ze-chrome eqinile zijiyile (imvamisa ama-microns ayi-10 kuye kwangama-500) futhi zinikeza ukumelana nokugqokwa okuhle kakhulu, ukungqubuzana okuphansi kanye nokuqina okuphezulu. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunweba impilo yesevisi yezingxenye zemishini ezifana nezinduku ze-hydraulic, ama-pistons enjini kanye nesikhunta sezimboni.
I-hexavalent chromium (Cr) iwuhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lwe-chromium futhi yaziwa njengomdlavuza womuntu. Imfucuza ekhiqizwe isixazululo se-hexavalent chromium electroplating inobuthi futhi kufanele iphathwe kahle ngaphambi kokuthi ikhishwe.

I-Trivalent chromium (Cr 3+) plating yenziwe nge-chromium sulfate noma i-chromium chloride futhi kungaba enye indlela ephephile kune-chromium ene-hexavalent kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza nogqinsi. Ibuye ihambisane nemvelo kodwa idinga ukuphathwa nokulahlwa ngokucophelela.

Ingxenye 5 : Ukufakwa kwe-galvanizing, i-nickel plating, i-chrome plating

5.1 Ukumelana nokugqwala

I-Galvanizing > I-Nickel Plating > I-Chrome plating (kuya ngokuqina)

I-Galvanizing: I-zinc coating ivikela ukugqwala, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni yensimbi. Isebenza njenge-anode yomhlatshelo, futhi noma ngabe ubuso bonakele, i-zinc izokhipha i-oxidize kuqala, ivikele isisekelo sensimbi. I-galvanizing ilungele izakhiwo zensimbi ezivezwa umswakama kanye nezindawo zangaphandle.

I-Nickel plating: I-nickel plating inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama kanye ne-asidi ebuthakathaka. Kodwa-ke, ungqimba lwe-nickel olune-electroplated luthambekele ekubeni nezimbobo, ngakho-ke i-chemical nickel plating ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono.

I-Chrome Plating: Ukumelana nokugqwala kwesendlalelo se-chrome sincike ekugqimeni kwayo. Isendlalelo se-chrome sokuhlobisa sincane futhi umphumela wokuqeda ukugqwala unomkhawulo.

5.2 Ukumelana nokugqoka

I-Chrome plating > i-nickel plating > i-Zinc plating

I-Galvanizing: Isendlalelo se-zinc sinobulukhuni obuphansi kanye nokumelana nokugqoka okuphakathi, futhi asifanele izindawo zokugqoka okuphezulu.

I-Nickel Plating: I-Nickel inokumelana nokugqokwa okusesilinganisweni, kodwa i-chemical nickel plating inobunzima obuphakeme nokumelana nokugqokwa okungcono, okuyenza ilungele izingxenye ezinembayo.

I-Chrome plating: I-hard chrome plating inobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle kakhulu, okulungele kakhulu izingxenye ezigqoke kakhulu njengamasilinda, amasongo e-piston, nezibungu. Ubulukhuni be-chrome eqinile bungafinyelela ku-HRC 65-70, okwandisa kakhulu impilo yesevisi yezingxenye.

5.3 Ukubukeka nobuhle

I-Chrome plating > i-nickel plating > i-Zinc plating

Ukufaka uthayela: Isendlalelo esijwayelekile esinothayela simhlophe ngokusasiliva esinobuso obuqinile, kodwa i-zinc eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-zinc ephuzi kunemiphumela engcono yokuhlobisa.

I-Nickel plating: I-nickel plating ingenza ubuso bukhanye, kodwa ukukhanya kungaphansi kancane kune-chrome plating, futhi kungase kube phuzi kancane. I-nickel plating ivame ukusetshenziselwa ihadiwe nezingxenye zikagesi zasekhaya, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokuhlobisa i-chrome plating.

I-Chrome plating: I-Chrome plating ihlinzeka ngendawo ekhanyayo efana nesibuko esicwebezelayo esiphakeme ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa kakhulu njengezingxenye zemoto nezithuthuthu, izindlu zikagesi nezinto zokugezela.

5.4 Ukuqina nokufana

I-Nickel plating (i-chemical plating) > i-zinc plating (electroplating) > i-chrome plating

I-Galvanizing: I-electroplated zinc layer incane futhi iyafana, ifanele indawo ebushelelezi.

I-Nickel Plating: I-electroless nickel plating inikeza ukujiya okuhle kakhulu nokufana, ngisho nasezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

I-Chrome plating: I-Chrome plating ishubile kodwa ingase ibonise ukuhlukahluka kwendawo, ngakho ayifanele izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

5.5 Ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu

I-Chrome plating > i-nickel plating > i-Zinc plating

I-Galvanizing: I-zinc layer ayizinzile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi ingase i-oxidize futhi ixebuke.

I-Nickel Plating: I-Nickel inokumelana okuhle nokushisa okuphezulu kodwa ingase ishintshe umbala, ikakhulukazi ngendlela ye-electroplated.
I-Chrome Plating: I-Chrome ingagcina ubulukhuni bayo kanye nokuzinza kwendawo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ivimbele ukuguquguquka nokuthamba.

5.6 Izindleko ezihlukene

Ukucwenga (izindleko eziphansi) > I-nickel plating > I-Chrome plating (izindleko eziphezulu nomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo)

I-galvanizing: Izindleko ziphansi.

I-Nickel Plating: I-Chemical nickel plating ibiza kakhulu.

I-Chrome Plating: Izinqubo ze-Electroplating zibiza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi i-chrome eqinile.

Ingxenye 6 Inzuzo yokucwala ngensimbi

I-Metal Plating iyinqubo yokusebenzisa isiphetho esishintsha ubuso bento yensimbi. Kudinga izinga eliphezulu lokunemba futhi uma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Uma ibhizinisi lakho likhiqiza imikhiqizo yensimbi, ingaphezulu lensimbi liwuhlelo olubalulekile lokuvikela ukugqwala, ukugqwala, nokuguga.
Ukuphila kwemikhiqizo yensimbi ngaphandle kokunamatheliswa kwensimbi kuncishiswa kakhulu, kuyishiya ichayeke emiklwelweni, ukungcoliswa komoya, namakhemikhali. Ukubonisana nezinkampani zokucwenga izinsimbi kuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lekhono kanye nenkonzo okungathenjelwa kuyo. Sichaze kabanzi ngezinzuzo zethu ezi-4 eziphezulu ze-metal plating.
6.1 Ukumelana Nokushisa
I-Metal Plating inyusa ukumelana nokushisa kwemikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa inqubo yesiliva-plating, enomkhawulo wokushisa ophakeme kakhulu. Le nzuzo yenza ukuqedela insimbi kube ukukhetha okudumile kwezindiza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto, lapho ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kungenakugwenywa.

6.2 Ukukhula Ukuqina
Ukuqedwa kwensimbi kwandisa amandla nobulukhuni bezinsimbi, kuthuthukisa ukukhuthazela komkhiqizo. I-Copper ne-chrome plating isetshenziswa ngokuvamisile ukusetshenziselwa le njongo ezinhlelweni zezimboni, okuhlanganisa namathuluzi, amasilinda amanzi, kanye nemikhiqizo eyimishini. Uma unengxenye endala edinga ukubuyiselwa noma ingxenye entsha ofuna ukuyivikela, ukufakwa kwensimbi kuyisixazululo esihle.

6.3Ukubukeka Okuthuthukisiwe
Ukuqedwa kwensimbi akugcini nje ukuthuthukisa isikhathi eside sensimbi, kodwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukubukeka. Izinto zasendulo nobucwebe zivame ukunamathisela izinto zazo ngegolide noma isiliva ukuze zithuthukise ukubukeka kwazo.

6.4 Ukuhamba kukagesi
i-surface plating ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni izakhi zokuqhuba zezingxenye zensimbi eluhlaza. I-Copper, igolide, nesiliva yizinqumo ezintathu ezikahle zokwengeza ukukhulisa ukusebenza kahle. Ithimba lethu e-Dongguan China lingancoma i-electroplating efaneleamasevisingezidingo zebhizinisi lakho.

Ingxenye 7:Metal Ingxenye Isicelo

I-Chrome plating ilungele izingxenye ezidinga ukumelana nokugqokwa okuphezulu, ubulukhuni nendawo ebukekayo, njengezingxenye zezimoto, amathuluzi nemishini.

I-Nickel plating ifaneleka kakhulu izingxenye ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa, nokunemba okuphezulu, futhi kuvame ukutholakala kuzixhumi zikagesi, izingxenye zezimoto, nezinhlelo ezisebenza ngamanzi.

I-galvanizing iyisisombululo esithengekayo sokuvikela ukugqwala esisetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zangaphandle, izakhi zokwakha, nehardware efana nezikulufu namantongomane.

Ingxenye 8: Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ungasusa kanjani i-chrome plating?
I-Hydrochloric acid ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukususa i-chrome plating, kodwa i-sandblasting, i-electrolysis nezinye izindlela zingasetshenziswa.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-electroplating ne-chemical plating?

I-Electroplating idinga i-current yangaphandle kanye ne-anode, kuyilapho i-chemical plating incike ekuphenduleni kwe-autocatalytic okwenzeka endaweni yensimbi.

Ingabe amashidi ensimbi azogqwala?

Amapayipi ensimbi ayisithako akulula ukugqwala, kodwa azofakwa i-oxidized uma ebekwe endaweni enomswakama isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, amapayipi anamathayela adiphu ashisayo mancane amathuba okuthi angagqwala kunamapayipi anamathayela adiphu abandayo.

Indlela yokuhlanza i-nickel plating?

Ukuze uhlanze i-nickel plating, sula kahle ngendwangu ethambile namanzi anensipho, bese uyageza, womile, futhi upholisha nge-nickel ephephile uma kudingeka.